{"id":20437,"date":"2020-08-31T14:02:10","date_gmt":"2020-08-31T19:02:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thebozho.com\/?p=20437"},"modified":"2020-09-14T13:43:11","modified_gmt":"2020-09-14T18:43:11","slug":"sterling-hall-bombing-50-years-later","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thebozho.com\/sterling-hall-bombing-50-years-later\/","title":{"rendered":"50 years ago, Madison faced a different kind of unrest"},"content":{"rendered":"

On Aug. 24, 1970, at 3:42 a.m., the anti-war movement went through a seismic change.<\/p>\n

Last week marked the 50th anniversary of the Sterling Hall bombing. Although this event was considered the worst act of domestic terrorism until Oklahoma City in 1995, as the years go by it\u2019s a piece of history that often goes unrecognized. But with the current political climate, including protests for racial justice, the Sterling Hall bombing has renewed relevance.<\/span>\n

Historical context<\/h2>\n

Let\u2019s start with some historical context. In the summer of 1970, the U.S.\u2019s involvement in the Vietnam War had been ongoing for five years. President Richard Nixon had recently begun his strategy of Vietnamization<\/a>, a plan to bolster South Vietnamese forces in order to enable the gradual withdrawal of American troops.<\/p>\n

Throughout the Vietnam War, there were hundreds of protests against U.S. involvement, and anti-war sentiments were strongly felt on college campuses across the country. During the 1960s, tension on the UW-Madison campus<\/a> was palpable. Students were protesting a number of injustices<\/a>, including lack of Black representation in class material, faculty, and the student body, an issue that continues today<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"Dow
UW Archives<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>Three years prior to the Sterling Hall bombing, on Oct. 18, 1967, a peaceful protest on the UW-Madison campus turned violent when students opposing the Dow Chemical Company\u2019s on-campus recruitment were forcibly removed<\/a> from a campus building by the Madison Police Department. Dow was creating napalm that was being used by U.S. forces in Vietnam. The company had been recruiting and interviewing UW-Madison students for years, and tension on campus was at a peak.<\/p>\n

Police officers showed up to the demonstration at what is now Ingraham Hall, with riot sticks and tear gas. Thousands of protestors and bystanders were involved in the event and dozens were injured, further bolstering student-led peace movements.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhy was I gassed? I didn\u2019t do anything but attend class,\u201d recalled one alumnus in 2017<\/a>. \u201cAfter that day, I became politically active.\u201d<\/p>\n

After that peaceful protest was met with violent opposition, the tension on campus only continued. Some students involved in the event blamed protestors for the violence while others \u2014 like Karl and Dwight Armstrong, David Fine, and Leo Burt \u2014 only became more resolute in their support of the anti-war movement.<\/span>\n

The bombing<\/h2>\n

Sterling Hall is the home for many UW departments; today these include astronomy, gender and women\u2019s Studies, and sociology. In 1970, the North Charter Street building was home to the physics department, where Robert Fassnacht and David Schuster were conducting postdoctoral and doctoral research experiments, respectively.<\/p>\n

\"David
David Schuster circa 1970<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>But Sterling Hall at the time was also home to the Army Mathematics Research Center, which occupied the second through fourth floors of the building.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs soon as I arrived [from his native South Africa], I was struck by the fact that the building said \u2018U.S. Army Math Research Center,\u2019\u201d says Dr. Schuster. \u201cIt made no sense that an army center should be on campus\u2026 It just seemed an anomaly; it wasn\u2019t in the core vision of the university.\u201d<\/p>\n

Many students at UW-Madison felt the same way, including Karl Armstrong, Leo Burt and David Fine. Those three and Karl\u2019s younger brother, Dwight Armstrong, comprised what they called the New Year\u2019s Gang (so named after a failed bombing<\/a> nearly nine months earlier).<\/p>\n

Early on Aug. 24, 1970, Schuster was working the overnight shift on his research project, in the lower level of Sterling Hall, experimenting with the particle accelerator to look at neutron properties. The last thing he remembers is encountering Fassnacht speaking to someone in the hall on the way to his office. A few moments later, at 3:42 a.m., an explosion immediately knocked him unconscious.<\/p>\n

\"Sterling
UW Archives<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>The New Year\u2019s Gang had stolen a van and filled it with ammonium nitrate and oil<\/a>, creating and then detonating an incredibly powerful bomb. The physics department received the majority of the destruction, and a couple dozen nearby buildings were also damaged. The army research center, however, was largely unscathed.<\/span>\n

The aftermath<\/h2>\n

\u201cEventually I felt myself awakening and it seemed like a crazy realistic dream,\u201d Schuster recalls. \u201cI was lying on my back in the dark covered with rubble and a ringing in my ears. There was water rising beneath me, and it made no sense. I drifted back into sleep or unconsciousness a few times, and eventually it became clear this was real.\u201d<\/p>\n

Robert Fassnacht, 33, was killed. The South Bend, Ind. native is survived by his wife \u2014 who was also a physics student \u2014 and three children.<\/p>\n

\"Sterling
Norman Lenburg<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>Firefighters arrived and discovered that Schuster had been largely shielded from the blast by a supporting pillar of the building.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen they found me, I said \u2018I\u2019m glad to see you,\u2019\u201d he says now with a chuckle. \u201cThey said, \u2018We\u2019re glad to see you!\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

Schuster had suffered a broken shoulder and eardrum, leaving him with only partial hearing in one ear. He was one of three survivors, including postdoctoral physics researcher Paul Quin and university security officer Norbert Sutler. After the bombing, Schuster finished his research and returned to South Africa. He\u2019s now an associate physics professor<\/a> at Western Michigan University.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe one persisting sadness about it for me is about Robert Fassnacht and the fact that he was killed,\u201d says Schuster. \u201cWhen I look back on it, it\u2019s not really about me because I recovered. I survived. When I think about it, it\u2019s always about Robert and his family and his work.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Memorial
JabberWok (CC BY 3.0)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>The New Year\u2019s Gang went into hiding. Over the next several years, Karl and Dwight Armstrong and David Fine were each eventually caught and sentenced to prison. But Leo Burt has never been found.<\/p>\n

Protests on campus continued throughout the rest of the Vietnam War, and the Army Mathematics Research Center was discontinued by the end of 1970.<\/span>\n

A political battleground: then and now<\/h2>\n

Madison has long served as a political battleground for all ends of the political spectrum. This was prevalent in the 1960s with the civil rights and antiwar protests, and now today with the Black Lives Matter<\/a> movement.<\/p>\n

Reflecting on his experience as a Sterling Hall bombing survivor and analyzing the current political atmosphere, David Schuster has some interesting insight. At the time of the Dow Chemical protests, Schuster was a black and white photographer and took pictures of the events.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe role of the police should be to ensure that these [protests] go off peacefully, not to suppress them,\u201d he says of civil unrest, both then and now. \u201cMuch of the violence arises once the police try to stop the protests and refuse to hear people out.\u201d<\/p>\n

He also sees the parallels between some of the violence that has been occurring during recent protests<\/a> and what he himself experienced. Schuster says many people asked after the bombing if his experience led him to become opposed to the protests. He says no.<\/p>\n

\u201cThat I happened to be directly involved and injured shouldn\u2019t affect my overall analysis of the political situation. I just happen to be one person who lived.\u201d<\/p>\n

Schuster\u2019s insight highlights an important distinction between a social cause and the violence that can be attached to it. \u201cProtest movements and demonstrations are crucially important,\u201d Schuster says. \u201cOtherwise, those perspectives and those social movements have no affect.\u201d<\/p>\n

It\u2019s important not to let the violent actions some people distract from the importance of the movement itself, and instead focus on the movement\u2019s message \u2014 whether that\u2019s the anti-war and civil rights protests of the 1960s and \u201970s or the Black Lives Matter movement today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On Aug. 24, 1970, at 3:42 a.m., the anti-war movement went through a seismic change. Last week marked the 50th anniversary of the Sterling Hall bombing. Although this event was […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":20446,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5152],"tags":[9132,62,3630,12870,2550],"yoast_head":"\nA half-century ago, Madison faced a different kind of unrest<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"It's been 50 years since the Sterling Hall bombing. 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